Showing posts with label social norms. Show all posts
Showing posts with label social norms. Show all posts

Thursday, June 30, 2011

Fat women everywhere ... FREAK OUT!

Something my friend posted today on Facebook: Obese girls face tough career climb



Coming from an eating disordered background, I have to admit that this kind of thing hits a raw nerve for me. Weight loss efforts for PRESCHOOLERS?

Are you serious?

Can you imagine how messed up those kids are going to be if they start developing food issues at that age? I mean, I remember having serious body image concerns at about age 5, but I'm in the minority (one would hope). Why would we want to spark this kind of neurosis in a large (no pun intended) population of youngsters?

I understand that obesity is a problem in our nation today. I really do get it. Obesity, diabetes, yadda, yadda, the dethfatz are going to get you!

But I will say (as I always do) that obesity is not simply a function of what you eat or how much you exercise. Women with PCOS (ahem, moi) experience obesity as a symptom of their illness ... and this condition affects as many as 10% of women. Funny that you never hear about it, right? That's because too many of us are supporting bogus and dangerous diet ventures in an effort to eliminate our socially manufactured shortcomings.

Anyway, I would believe that young women face huge obstacles if they are larger. After all, our culture tells us that our size is a reflection of our self-control, our virtue, our ability, our dedication. How many studies have been done that prove that fat people (not just women) get paid less, are hired less frequently, and generally get the short end of the stick?

Arguing against these researchers' suppositions ... I wonder whether anyone noticed that lower-income women from disparaged populations are more likely to be obese, which is probably why they have a harder time graduating from college and becoming gainfully employed. ETA: The article says that the researchers said "It didn't seem as though economic situation was a factor," but I'm not sure how that's quantified. Another case of correlation being confused with causation. I mean, I know it's a tough concept, but it seems like a lot of researchers just can't stop sensationalizing phenomena that kind of coincidentally happen together. It's hard for me to believe that we can blame all of our problems on being fat.

Here's the crux of the whole thing for me: This kind of article perpetuates the "if only I was skinny" myth that so many eating disordered folks hear playing in their head ALL DAY EVERY DAY.

"If only I was skinny, I would get a better job."
"If only I was skinny, I would have more friends, and maybe even a partner."
"If only I was skinny, I could feel good about wearing a size ____ "
"If only I was skinny, everything would be better."

This is a dialogue that none of us deserves to hear. It's a bunch of baloney. Being skinny doesn't make your life easier if all you think about is remaining thin. In the case of folks like me, the push to be super thin can endanger your life.

It won't be until we, especially as public health practitioners, start to respect all types of bodies (including those that are naturally thin, fat, whatever) that we will truly begin to find a solution to the obesity problem. Treat these people with dignity, for heaven's sake.

One final thing: "He himself has studied the connection between body image satisfaction, and obesity and anorexia. People who have poor self esteem have difficulty controlling their eating habits, he said."

Yes, because obesity is analogous to an eating disorder? (WRONG ... not everyone who binge eats is fat, and not everyone who is fat binge eats). And the last time I checked, eating disorders weren't because of a lack of control over your eating habits, they're about a need to control something ... so you exert more control over your eating (i.e., not eating anything!). I'm really not impressed with this particular piece.


For more information on fat advocacy, visit:
http://fatnutritionist.com/
http://danceswithfat.wordpress.com/

Thursday, June 23, 2011

The Theory of Planned Behavior, operationalized

This may seem rudimentary, but did you know that the Theory of Planned Behavior, a critical behavioral model for public health interventions, can actually be operationalized with mathematical measures?

Theory of Planned Behavior ... with math!

For those of you who aren't completely familiar with this model, I've included a diagram above. Now, I have always been a little wary of simplistic models such as this, because you have to wonder whether intention directly leads to behavior; however, I like that this model includes perceived behavioral control as a factor that influences behavior as well.

At any rate, when we consider this model, we're interested in measuring how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence intention, which in turn should influence behaviors. What do all of these terms mean?

Attitude: individual evaluation of a behavior. Operationalized (measured) by considering:
- personal beliefs that a behavior will result in a specific outcome
- evaluation of the outcome
- number of beliefs relevant to the behavior

Subjective norm: how society or environment contributes to behavior. Includes:
- probability that the subject believes the behavior is appropriate
- motivation to comply with this reference point
- number of reference points

Perceived behavioral control: the extent to which the individual believes he or she can control behavior. Includes:
- beliefs about whether factors that will affect the difficulty of the behavior
- perceived power of these factors
- number of factors

Yeah, I had no idea that this model was so ... scientific. It's hard sometimes to conceptualize these models as anything except the brainchild of some doctoral student in a think tank far, far away. And I really do wonder about their ability to predict behavior with such ease. There are so many variables that play into predictors of behavior ... I have to admit, a lot of the times I have intentions to change my behavior, but something prevents me from doing so. (Ex: I can NEVER seem to eat enough vegetables. Grrrr.) I am not 100% convinced that my inability to transfer my good intentions to behavior is a factor of only perceived behavioral control. I believe I can eat more vegetables. I really do.

Anyway, the point is that we need to critically evaluate these commonly accepted models. Although I admit I'm not an expert, I hesitate to just swallow these theoretical constructs that claim to distill human behavior to such simplistic terms. Also, the models' developers are often loath to disclose limitations that they might anticipate with their constructs ... did they honestly not forsee these problems, or were they hoping to fly under the radar, hoping other scientists wouldn't notice the models' inherent shortcomings?

I wouldn't put such nefarious measures past members of our scientific community, but when our entire understanding of human behavior is built on such shifting sands, it sure does humble a student in this field. Our comprehension of ourselves and the world around us is still so ... rudimentary. For all of our happy diagrams and well-articulated arguments, we really aren't close to understanding motivation, faith, or any other nebulous human attribute.

Without this fundamental knowledge, how are we expected to facilitate change?